Publication

Driving feedback is an important factor that can affect the perceptions of remote drivers of the surrounding environment during teleoperation. This paper focuses on investigating the influence of motion-cueing, sound and vibration feedback on driving behaviour and experience. A prototype teleoperation station is developed with feedback from audio, vibration actuators, and motion cues. Using this prototype, the experiment is carried out in two scenarios: a low-speed disturbance scenario with 30 participants and a dynamic driving scenario with 22 participants. Objective and subjective assessment methods are used to evaluate driving behaviour and experience separately. The results indicate that the combination of motion-cueing, sound and vibration feedback provides the most favourable driving experience for the participants. Specifically, sound and vibration feedback enhance drivers’ sense of speed, while motion-cueing feedback helps in road surface sensing, leading to increased throttle reversal rate in the low-speed disturbance scenario. However, it is noteworthy that motion-cueing feedback does not significantly improve driving performance in the dynamic driving scenario of this study.