Publications

Analysis of the role of inattention in road crashes based on naturalistic on-board safety monitoring data

The general objective of the present analysis was to investigate the role of driver inattention in rear-end crashes and crossing path intersection crashes. To this end, a set of 133 naturalistic crashes (70 rear-end and 63 intersection crashes), obtained

BikeSAFE - Analysis of Safety-Critical Events from Naturalistic Cycling Data

Cycling is a risky activity responsible for a large numbers of injuries and deaths every year. For example, in Europe cycling claims about 2000 lives each year. In the last decades, numerous research studies used accident databases to better understand the

BikeSAFE (TRV2012/13373) Slutrapport

Att cykla är ett miljövänligt och hälsosamt transportsätt som blir allt mer populärt i Sverige (Eriksson et al. 2006). Svenska myndigheter stödjer cykling som ett hållbart alternativ till att köra bil (Trafikkontoret 2012). Cykling är dock inte lika säkert

Chunking: a procedure to improve naturalistic data analysis

Every year, traffic accidents are responsible for more than 1,000,000 fatalities worldwide. Understanding the causes of traffic accidents and increasing safety on the road are priority issues for both legislators and the automotive industry. Recently, in

A conceptual framework and taxonomy for understanding and categorizing driver inattention

This documents reports on the results of the Inattention Taxonomy project, which was carried out by the Driver Distraction & Human Machine Interaction (DD & HMI) Working Group, under the framework of the United States and European Union Bilateral

Dialling, texting, and reading in real world driving: When do drivers choose to use mobile phones?

Mobile phone use is the most debated and studied form of driver distraction. Naturalistic driving studies have shown that the risk of being involved in a near-crash or crash increases during manual and visual interaction with a mobile phone (e.g., when

Driver behavior in car-to-pedestrian incidents: An application of the Driving Reliability and Error Analysis Method (DREAM)

To develop relevant road safety countermeasures, it is necessary to first obtain an in-depth understanding of how and why safety-critical situations such as incidents, near-crashes, and crashes occur. Video-recordings from naturalistic driving studies

e-BikeSAFE: A Naturalistic Cycling Study to Understand how Electrical Bicycles Change Cycling Behaviour and Influence Safety

Safety is a concern jeopardizing cycling sustainability. In Europe, more than 2.000 cyclists die every year in traffic accidents. Electrical bicycles amplify this concern because of their high speed and increasing prevalence. Previous studies, such as the

EDR Pre-Crash Data: Potential For Applications In Active Safety Testing

Passive safety testing has been based on accident research where objective physical evidence can be compiled and analysed when establishing technical test requirements. Active safety tests pose new challenges because objective data is more difficult to

Estimation of the severity of safety critical events

Today, various measures are used to estimate the severity of a traffic conflict. However, these measures are all limited to estimating the crash risk and do not include any estimates of the possible consequences of a potential crash. In accident analysis

Initial Analyses from the SHRP 2 Naturalistic Driving Study

Introduction - The second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) is conducting the largest and most comprehensive naturalistic driving study (NDS) ever imagined. The study recruited 2,800 volunteer drivers, ages 16–80, across six sites: two counties

A method for extracting data for quantification of comfort zone boundaries for intersection negotiation from in-vehicle naturalistic data

Drivers’ allocation of attention and their driving behavior is partly driven by their expectations for how events will unfold in the near future (Engström, 2011; Weir & McRuer, 1973). Comfort zone boundaries based on drivers’ expectations lead drivers to

Overview of Harmonized European Crash Investigations - From Focused Studies to a Holistic Approach

The aim with this paper is to describe the evolution of harmonized European crash investigations. The European Commission has during the past decade funded several specialized crash investigation studies focusing on: the cause of road crashes, child safety

Pan-European In-depth Road Accident Database

The large number of road accidents and casualties requires the development of a European approach or collecting data that will allow a harmonized and detailed investigation of accidents, while assuring the quality of the collected information. Within the

Still red light for red light cameras? An update

The present study has replicated the results from a previous meta-analysis by Erke (2009) [Erke, A., 2009. Red light for red-light cameras? A meta-analysis of the effects of red-light cameras on crashes. Accident Analysis & Prevention 41 (5), 897–905.]

A test-based method for the assessment of pre-crash warning and braking systems

In this paper, a test-based assessment method for pre-crash warning and braking systems is presented where the effectiveness of a system is measured by its ability to reduce the number of injuries of a given type or severity in car-to-car rear-end

Towards a Global and Harmonized Database for In-Depth Accident Investigation in Europe: The Dacota Project

The aim with this paper is to describe the procedure for the development of a common methodology for research accident investigation and identifying and training new research teams across Europe. In-depth accident investigation has a great potential to

Understanding driver self-regulating behavior: how does phone use influence vehicle control in real world?

Using manual measurements on event recorder video and image processing algorithms to extract optical parameters

Vehicle kinematics and optical parameters such as optical angle, optical expansion rate, and tau are thought to underlie drivers’ ability to avoid and handle critical traffic situations. Analyses of these parameters in naturalistic driving data with video

What can the drivers' own description from combined sources provide in an analysis of driver distraction and low vigilance in accident situations?

Abstract Accident data play an important role in vehicle safety development. Accident data sources are generally limited in terms of how much information is provided on driver states and behaviour prior to an accident. However, the precise limitations vary

Understanding Bicycle Dynamics and Cyclist Behavior from Naturalistic Field Data

As technology advances, motorized vehicles employ newer, more intelligent systems to improve drivers’ safety and mobility. The evolution of these systems is supported by increasingly accurate models for driver behavior and vehicle dynamics. Despite the

Human fatigue's effect on the risk of maritime groundings - A Bayesian Network modeling approach

The article introduces a general method for developing a Bayesian Network (BN) for modeling the risk of maritime ship accidents. A BN of human fatigue in the bridge management team and the risk of ship grounding is proposed. The qualitative part of the BN

Internal validation of near-crashes in naturalistic driving studies: a continuous and multivariate approach

Large naturalistic driving studies give extremely detailed insight into how traffic accidents happen and what causes them. However, even in very large studies there are only relatively few crashes. Hence one additionally selects and studies crash

Reducing the probability of ship grounding: which measure to undertake?

The analytic hierarchy process has been used to elicit the knowledge of maritime transport stakeholders, such as seafarers, authorities, insurers and academics, regarding human factors and risk-reducing measures for ship groundings. Measures against human

Introducing naturalistic cycling data: What factors influence bicyclists' safety in the real world?

Presently, the collection and analysis of naturalistic data is the most credited method for understanding road user behavior and improving traffic safety. Such methodology was developed for motorized vehicles, such as cars and trucks, and is still

Evaluation of Hybrid III Thoracic Injury Criteria in Impacts with a Simulated Truck Steering Wheel - Suggestions for Modifications in Instrumentation and Reference Values

Unbelted drivers of heavy commercial vehicles are likely to suffer chest injuries from steering wheel rim contact in frontal impacts. The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent the current regulatory dummy, the Hybrid III, is capable

Chest Injuries in Heavy Vehicle Frontal Collisions - Evaluation and Adaptation of the Hybrid III Dummy Instrumentation and Injury Reference Values by Means of Human Body Modeling

The safety of passenger cars has been significantly improved during the last decades. Similar improvements are not as apparent in heavy vehicles and one of the reasons is believed to be deficiencies in heavy vehicle crash testing and the tools used to