Publications

Vehicle Dynamics Control after Impacts in Multiple-Event Accidents

Accidents statistics show that multiple-event accidents (MEAs) represent aconsiderable and increasing proportion of all vehicle traffic accidents. MEAs are characterized by having at least one vehicle subjected to more than one harmful event. MEAs now

What is the Relation between Bicycle Dynamics and Safety in the Real World?

Cycling safety is a worldwide safety concern that jeopardizes cycling sustainability. In 2011, cyclist fatalities totaled 658 in Japan, 677 in US, and 2092 in EU. In Europe the proportion of bicyclists’ death is also increasing as a consequence of drivers’

Why Do We not Learn from Defects? Towards Defect-Driven Software Process Improvement

In this paper, we put forth the thesis that state-of-the-art defect classification schemes – such as ODC and IEEE Std. 1044 – have failed to meet their target; limited industrial adoption is taken as part of the evidence combined with published studies on

A45 Boundary Conditions for Vehicle Automation Final Report

This report summarizes the activities and results from the first year of the FFI funded projects ”Boundary Conditions for Vehicle Automation”, with partners Autoliv, SAFER, Scania, Volvo Cars and Volvo Group. To give Sweden a leading position within

Adaptive Eyes - Driver Distraction and Inattention Prevention Through Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and Behaviour-Based Safety

Technology pervades our daily living, and is increasingly integrated into the vehicle – directly affecting driving. On the one hand technology such as cell phones provoke driver distraction and inattention, whereas, on the other hand, Advanced Driver

An overview of User Experience Approaches in relation to Design Research

User experience (UX) has been a hot topic in design and human computer interaction research over the past decades, sprung from need of understanding users subjective responses to a product. Design research and UX are linked by partly common influences. In

Balancing active and passive safety Final Report

The project resulted in a methodology to understand the effectiveness of safety systems to save lives. The method involved vehicle dynamics, driver behavior, infrastructure and fleet penetration. Moreover, the project resulted in a standardization

Bayesian Road Estimation Using Onboard Sensors

This paper describes an algorithm for estimating the road ahead of a host vehicle based on the measurements from several onboard sensors: a camera, a radar, wheel speed sensors, and an inertial measurement unit. We propose a novel road model that is able

Behavioural adaptation in response to driving assistance technologies - A literature review

This book brings together recent work by the project ADAPTATION, to provide a better understanding of drivers’ adaption processes, the effect of technology use, the impact of age and the effects of the system’s performance and the level of automation. It

Binary-Level Fault Injection for AUTOSAR Systems

Continuously growing complexity of the automotive Electrical and/or Electronic (E/E) systems has prompted major manufacturers (OEMs) and suppliers to embrace the AUTOSAR (Automotive Open System Architecture) standard. Furthermore, recent introduction of

Challenging situations, self-reported driving habits and capacity among older drivers (70+) in Sweden. A questionnaire study

Summary: This survey study is part of a major research project Safe Mobility for Older Drivers SAFE MOVE carried out between Sweden and France in collaboration. The older population is heterogeneous in relation to health, cognitive state and experience. At

Cognitive workload and visual behavior in elderly drivers with hearing loss

Purpose: To examine eye tracking data and compare visual behavior in individuals with normal hearing (NH) and with moderate hearing loss (HL) during two types of driving conditions: normal driving and driving while performing a secondary task. Methods: 24

Combined Longitudinal and Lateral Control Design for String Stable Vehicle Platooning within a Designated Lane

We propose a combined longitudinal and lateral control approach for vehicle platooning within a designated lane. We combine linear frequency and time domain methods, to design longitudinal control that ensures string stability while enforcing safety

Comparing and validating models of driver steering behaviour in collision avoidance and vehicle stabilisation

A number of driver models were fitted to a large data set of human truck driving, from a simulated near-crash, low-friction scenario, yielding two main insights: steering to avoid a collision was best described as an open-loop manoeuvre of predetermined

Computational Verification Methods for Automotive Safety Systems

This thesis considers computational methods for analysis and verification of the class of automotive safety systems which support the driver by monitoring the vehicle and its surroundings, identifying hazardous situations and actively intervening to

Current Gaps, Challenges and Opportunities in the Field of Road Vehicle Automatation

The aim of this study is to identify current research gaps, challenges, and opportunities in the field of vehicle automation. The study is based on a literature review. The review shows that the current research focuses mainly on improvements in sensing

Desktop Driving Simulator with Modular Vehicle Model and Scenario Specification

Driving Simulators are one of the key tools to simulate and verify, interactions between vehicle & driver in a realistic as well as conditioned traffic environment. Real vehicle testing and pure simulation (using a driver model) are two alternative

Development of a parameterized passenger vehicle model for longitudinal dynamics for a desktop driving simulator

Driver behaviour in unexpected critical events and in repeated exposures - a comparison

A Driver Model Using Optic Information for Longitudinal and Lateral Control of a Long Vehicle Combination

High driver acceptance is believed to be an important aspect when introducing automated driving functionalities for prospective long vehicle combinations. The main hypothesis of this paper is that high driver acceptance can be realized by utilizing driver

End-users' acceptance and use of adaptive cruise control systems

An online survey was distributed to end-users of adaptive cruise control (ACC). In total 90 drivers answered the questionnaire, which covered e.g. ACC usage and how such use affects driver behaviour. According the responses: the ACC is used primarily on

Development of a Haptic HMI for Autonomous Cars

The aim of this thesis was to tackle the areas of autonomous driving and haptics in a multimodal context. The level of autonomy was set to be applicable by the car industry within five years, but still be futuristic enough to develop unique and compatible

Evaluation of Error Handling Mechanisms for Automotive Embedded Systems

This thesis presents an evaluation of the eectiveness and time overhead for plausibility checks in automotive electrical and electronic systems. Plausibility checks aim to detect errors caused by software bugs and random hardware failures. They are

Evidence for a fundamental property of steering

In this paper, a general and fundamental property of steering is demonstrated: It is shown that steering corrections generally follow bell-shaped profiles of steering rate. The finding is strongly related to what is already known about reaching movements

Exploring the driver instructor metaphor - Requirement assessment for an advanced driver assistance system that provides driving related feedback

The risk of being involved in a traffic car accident increases with age. Countermeasures such as advanced driver assistance system and retraining programs have both been ways of trying to reverse this trend. This thesis sought to merge the two

Final report: SAFER Pre-study: Hazard Classification

This SAFER prestudy has the target to establish a cross competence areas cooperation for classification of hazardous events according to the automotive functional safety standard ISO 26262. Key aspects are functional safety, bio-mechanics, driver behavior

Intelligent Transport Systems - the Role of a Safety Loop for Holistic Safety Management

An ITS represents a Cyber-Physical System (CPS), which will involve information exchange at operational level as well as potential explicit collaboration between separate entities (systems of systems). Specific emphasis is required to manage the complexity

Introducing naturalistic cycling data: What factors influence bicyclists' safety in the real world?

Presently, the collection and analysis of naturalistic data is the most credited method for understanding road user behavior and improving traffic safety. Such methodology was developed for motorized vehicles, such as cars and trucks, and is still largely

Lowlevel steering control algorithms for high-capacity transport

High Capacity Transport projects aim at introducing longer and heavier vehicle combinations to European roads. This thesis focuses on an A-double combination (trucksemitrailer- dolly-semitrailer). To enhance safety and maneuverability of such combination

Minimizing Vehicle Post-impact Path Lateral Deviation Using Optimized Braking and Steering Sequences

This paper investigates the optimal control of a vehicle, after a light impact during a traffic accident. To reduce the risk of secondary events, the control target is set: to minimize the maximum lateral deviation from the initial path. In previous

Modeling and Classification of Longitudinal Driving Behavior

This paper concerns modeling of a driver's carfollowing behavior. The available signals, the distance to the vehicle in front as input and the driver's pedal positions, are not excited very much, and the recently suggested PrARX modeling framework is

Modeling driver control behavior in both routine and near-accident driving

Building on ideas from contemporary neuroscience, a framework is proposed in which drivers’ steering and pedal behavior is modeled as a series of individual control adjustments, triggered after accumulation of sensory evidence for the need of an adjustment

Modelling driver steering and neuromuscular behaviour

This thesis challenges the traditional view of treating steering behaviour as a tracking task, instead treating it as a reaching task. Here, reaching refers to a fundamental human behaviour with the the intriguing characteristic of having a linear

Older drivers' needs for safety and comfort systems in their cars - A focus group study in Sweden

Executive summary: A focus group study with a total of 63 older drivers (70 years or older) in two rounds was conducted to identify needs and means for transportation as a passenger car driver. The aim was to understand attitudes to and use of advanced

On optimal recovery from terminal understeer

This paper addresses the problem of terminal understeer and its mitigation via integrated brake control. The scenario considered is when a vehicle enters a curve at a speed that is too high for the tyre–road friction limits and an optimal combination of

Pedestrian Detection using Augmented Training Data

Detecting pedestrians is a challenging and widely explored problem in computer vision. Many approaches rely on large quantities of manually labelled training data to learn a pedestrian classifier. To reduce the need for collecting and manually labelling

Prediction of the Effectiveness Potential of a Post Impact Stability Control System for Passenger Cars in Secondary Collisions following an Initial Side Impact

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Principle Other Vehicle Warning

Reliable Vehicle Pose Estimation Using Vision and a Single-Track Model

This paper examines the problem of estimating vehicle position and direction, i.e., pose, from a single vehicle-mounted camera. A drawback of pose estimation using vision only is that it fails when image information is poor. Consequently, other

Robust Control Design of an Active Steering System in Heavy Vehicles

This thesis focuses on the design of steering control strategies in long combination of heavy vehicles. In particular, we consider the problem of controlling the steering angle of the axles of a unit called dolly, connecting a truck and a semi-trailer in a

Safe mobility for elderly drivers - considerations based on expert- and self- assessment

To further understand the needs of the growing population of elderly drivers and create solutions for safe mobility it is important to understand the driving scenarios and aspects in day to day traffic that may be of challenge for this group. More so

Safe Transitions to Manual Driving From Faulty Automated Driving System

This thesis presents a method to assess the safety of transitions from automated to manual driving when vehicle automation fails. The method is based on contributions to the understanding of human driving behavior, also presented in this thesis. Interviews

Semi-automated versus highly automated driving in critical situations caused by automation failures

The purpose of this study was to examine effects of vehicle automation and automation failures on driving performance. Previous studies have shown problems with driving performance in situations with automation failures and attributed this to drivers being

Sensor data fusion for multiple sensor configurations

This paper presents a fusion architecture designed for vehicle manufacturers that use multiple sensor systems to realize several active safety applications, ranging from standard systems to autonomous systems. Advantages and disadvantages of design choices

Setting the stage for self-driving cars: Exploration of future autonomous driving experiences

Self-driving cars are under development and are predicted to reach the market within a few years. There is a need to understand how users will respond to the technology, and what possible benefits or difficulties they perceive. User involvement is a

Smartphones as Wireless Reflector Tags? - A Feasibility Study

This report investigates the feasibility of using smartphones as wireless reflector tags. A smartphone communicates its GNSS positioning data via peer-to-peer connections to nearby road users to notify its presence. Appropriate use cases are studied based

SteerPad Development and Evaluation of a Touchpad in the Steering Wheel from a User Experience Perspective

Driver safety has since the birth of automobiles been paramount. In a time when technologies are changing the way people interact with the outside world, the vehicle industries need to keep up with these changes in terms of both safety and user experience

A Study of The Impact of Bit-flip Errors on Programs Compiled with Different Optimization Levels

In this paper we study the impact of compiler optimizations on the error sensitivity of twelve benchmark programs. We conducted extensive fault injection experiments where bit-flip errors were injected in instruction set architecture registers and main

A Systematic approach to Risk Management in ITS Context : Challenges and Research Issues

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) with autonomic functions that are cyber-physical in nature is of rapidly increasing importance for traffic efficiency and safety. Current engineering approaches to such functions often rely on worst-case assumptions

Towards Driver Adaptive Active Safety Systems

In recent years, active safety systems have become a standard accessory in new cars and trucks. This thesis addresses one of the major flaws of most such systems: they act the same independently of who is operating the vehicle. Driver modeling has been in